Articles #Quality of life

Vitamin D is not just a “bone vitamin.” It is a vital hormone-like substance influencing bones, muscles, the immune system, cardiovascular health, and even mental well-being. Deficiency is often silent, creeping in unnoticed, but its long-term consequences can be profound. As physicians, we encounter this problem daily in practice, yet it remains underestimated by patients and even some professionals.

Inflammation is the body’s natural defense mechanism, designed to protect against infections, injuries, and toxins. However, when this process becomes chronic, it silently contributes to a wide range of diseases—ranging from heart disease and diabetes to arthritis and even certain cancers.

Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease—it is a family of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar due to problems with insulin. It is one of the leading global health concerns, affecting millions of people across all age groups.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia — an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood. It results either from: • Deficient insulin secretion (the pancreas does not make enough insulin), • Impaired insulin action (cells do not respond properly to insulin), • Or a combination of both.